Ihangamurimo mu ikoranabuhanga
- IGITEKEREZO CY’UBUCURUZI N’AMAHIRWE YO KUBONA ICYO UCURUZA
Igitekerezo cy’ubucuruzi buri wese aragifite.
- Amahirwe yo kubona icyo ucuruzia aturuka ku kibazo kiriho wifuza gushakira kubona igisubizo
- Ikibazo gihinduka igisubizo kuri buri wese ubona icyo akora kandi cyunguka.
Igitekerezo cyiza cy’ubucuruzi kirangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
- Kuba byoroshye kugihinduramo ubucuruzi nyabwo,
- Kuba icyo ugiye ukora ugifitiye igishoro cy’ifatizo (Ubutaka, Umurimo, amafaranga , ubumenyi bwa rwiyemezamirimo, Igihe, n’ibindi.)
- Kuba kijyanye na politiki ya leta
- Kuba hari icyo byungura mu imibereho n’umuco by’abantu
- Kuba hari ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na byo
- Kuba hari inyongeragaciro bizana (Ese ibyo uzacuruza bizarusha iki ibindi bicuruzwa bisanzwe biri ku isoko?)
- Kuba ufite amafaranga akenewe ngo utangire, n’ibindi.
- Isoko riboneka (umubare w’abaguzi / abakiriya babishaka)
Ibintu bigira uruhare mu gutanga amahirwe y’ubucuruzi:
- Kuba isoko ryabyo ririmo ryiyongera;
- Kuba bisaba amafaranga atari menshi;
- Kuba bifite cyerekezo cyangwa intego isobanutse;
- Kuba byizeza inyungu ifatika;
- Kuba bitorshye Kubyigana;
- Kuba ari icyo umuntu yivumburiye;
- Kuba hari isoko ry’ibyo uzacuruza cg bitari ibisanzwe ku isoko…
Gusuzuma igitekerezo cy’ubucuruzi mbere yo kugishyira mu bikorwa
Kwibaza ibibazo bikurikira ku byo ushaka gukora:
- Ni bucuruzi bwemewe?
- Ni izihe nzitizi zo kwinjiramo?
- Ni ikihe kibazo dushaka gukemura?
- Igicuruzwa cyanje kizagira abakiriya?
- Isoko rihari ni rinini?
- Ni ibihe bisabwa mu gutangira?
- Ni gute nabivamo biramutse byanze?
- Ni igitekerezo cyunguka?
- Nzunguka angana iki ku gishoro (ROI)?
- Gukoresha isesengura rya SWOT kugirango usuzume amahirwe y’ubucuruzi
- Imbere mu kigo cyawe:
- Aho ufite imbaraga ni he? (Strength)
- Aho ufite intege nke ni he ? (Weakness)
- Inyuma y’ikigo cyawe:
- Amahirwe ahari ni ayahe? (Opportunities)
- Imbogamizi zihari ni izihe? (Threats)
II. IKORANABUHANGA MU BUCURUZI
- Ni ngombwa kumenya ikoranabuhanga rigezweho no kurikoresha.
- Ikoranabuhanga risobanura gukoresha ubumenyi, ibikoresho, tekinike, cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gukemura ikibazo cyangwa bwo kugera ku ntego. Urugero: Imashini z’ibaruramari, zibara umusoro, zikanawishyuza (EBM),
- Ibintu bisuzumwa mu guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ni ibi bikurikira :
- Kureba niba amafaranga bisaba atatuma uhomba,
- Gushakisha uburyo bworoshye kurusha ubundi,
- Gutangira gukoresha igerageza (test) ry’iryo ikoranabuhanga.
Ku rundi ruhande kandi ritanga amahirwe y’ubucuruzi no guhanga umurimo :
– Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho (ICT) ubwaryo ritanga amahirwe menshi y’akazi n’ubucuruzi.
Dore bumwe mu bucuruzi bushobora gutangira bushingiye kuri ICT :
– Gutegura imbuga za interineti ku bantu, amashyirahamwe, n’ibigo.
– Kugurisha ibikoresho bya ICT nka terefone, insinga, tableti, mudasobwa zigendanwa n’ibindi.
– Gusana ibikoresho bya ICT nka mudasobwa, na terefone zigendanwa.
Ibindi wakora….
– Gutangira ubucuruzi ku maduka ari kuri murandasi (0nline).
– Gutangira gahunda z’amahugurwa ku bantu bashaka gukoresha mudasobwa mu bucuruzi bwabo.
– Servisi zo guhanahana amafaranga (FinTech).
– Gutanga serivisi z’irembo na Momo
– Gucunga ububiko bw’ibigo bitandukanye
– Serivisi zo kumenyekanisha imisoro,
Gutegura raporo z’imari ku bakiriya.
– Gushyiraho ibigo bitoza abantu ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho.
III. ISANO IRI HAGATI Y’UBUCURUZI N’UBUKUNGU
Ubukungu: Iyiga bukungu risobanura neza uko amikoro make asaranganywa kugirango abyazwe inyungu nyinshi zishoboka (Lionel Robbins) …….Ubukungu bw’umuntu n’ubukungu bw’Igihugu
bifasha kumva:
– Uko ubukungu dukoreramo buhagaze
– Ibikorwa by’ubukungu ibyo ari byo
– Ibiciro by’ibintu: uko bishyirwaho n’uko bihindagurika
– Ikoreshwa ry’amikoro rusange
– Uko isoko rikora: Isano iri hagari y’umubare w’abashaka kugura n’iy’abashaka kugurisha.
– Ibyiciro nyamukuru bisaranganya ubukungu: ingo z’abantu, Leta, Ubucuruzi.
– Isano iri hagati y’umusaruro, kuwukoresha, kuzigama, n’ishoramari
BUSINESS CYCLE
- IBIKORWA UMUCURUZI AGOMBA GUKORA CYANGWA SERIVISI Z’ABAHANGA AGOMBA KWISHYURA KUGIRA NGO BABIMUKORERE
- Kwiyandikisha mu gitabo cya Leta cy’abacuruzi (muri RDB)
- Inyigo yo gushaka Isoko
- Imbata y’ubucuruzi (Business Plan)
- Kumenyakanisha no gutanga umusoro n’amahoro
- Kwandika no gusinya amasezerano y’ubucuruzi
- Gukusanya ibishoro (igishoro bwite, inguzanyo, inkunga)
- Gucunga imyenda
- (METAVA SOLUTIONS LTD YAGUFASHA MURI IBI BYOSE)
- 1. IHITAMO HAGATI YO GUTANGIRA UBUCURUZI NO GUSHORA IMARI
| Icyo tugereranya | Ubucuruzi | Ishora-mari |
| Igishoro gikenerwa | Rwf5,000,000 – Rwf10,000,000+ | Rwf100,000-Rwf3,000,000 |
| Inyungu ku gishoro (ROI) | 15-30% (impuzandengo) | 10.5% (Urugero ni nko ku mazu) |
| Uruwunguko % | 5%-20% | Si menshi (8.5%) ariko asora make cyane |
| Igipimo cya risks | Si nyinshi cyane | Mu gihe gito ziba ari nyinshi ariko mu gihe kirekire zikagabanuka cyane |
| Aho igishoro kiva | Kucyishakaho, kwaka inguzanyo ya Banki, kwaka inkunga | Ucyishakaho ubanje kuzigama |
| Imikurire | Bushobora kumara igihe ukabukoresha nk’ingwate | Ryunguka buri mwaka, bigakomeza igihe kirekire, ukaba wazanariraga abagukomokaho. |
Ni he washora imari?
– Mu mutungo utimukanwa
– Kugura imigabane y’amasosiyete
– Gushora mu mpapuro mpeshamwenda nk’inguzanyo za leta
– Amabuye y’agaciro
– Kugura imutungo koranabuhanga: Ifaranga koranabuhanga, Cryptocurrencies n’indi mitungo nka Your Everyday Money (YEM),…
